medigest
Colonoscopy
What is colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy a procedure used to detect changes or abnormalities in the large intestine (colon) and rectum. Sigmoidoscopy is used to check the sigmoid colon, which is the lower part of your colon or large intestine.
A long, flexible tube (colonoscope, sigmoidoscope) is inserted into the rectum, which has a tiny video camera at the tip of the tube. This allows for real-time visualisation of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The tube is also used to blow air into your colon, which makes the colon swell up a bit to improve visibility.
The colonoscope is a flexible tube that is inserted into your rectum, and you may undergo the process of colonoscopy. Your doctor will view the inside lining of your colon and rectum on a monitor using a small camera and light at the end of the colonoscope. The whole process usually takes 30 to 60 minutes. Before the procedure, you may be requested to undergo bowel preparation whereby all of your intestines are cleared to ensure the doctor has an unobstructed view. Most the time involves some form of fasting and laxatives or usage of a special liquid meant for cleaning up the intestines.
Colonoscopy is one of the important procedures which aid in the early detection of many health conditions.
- Colon Cancer Prevention: Polyps or abnormal growths in the colon are discovered with the aid of colonoscopy. Most polyps detected during a colonoscopy may be removed before growing into colon cancer if caught early.
- Diagnostic Tool for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Colonoscopies are helpful in diagnosing conditions like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, which are forms of inflammatory bowel diseases impacting the digestive tract.
- Identification of Other Abnormalities: Others abnormalities can be observed also in diverticulosis, infection, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
When Should You Get a Colonoscopy?
Age: The American Cancer Society recommends that people at average risk for colon cancer begin regular screenings at the age of 45. If you have a family history of colon cancer or other risk factors, your doctor may recommend an earlier screening.
Symptoms: If you experience symptoms like unexplained abdominal pain, bleeding, changes in bowel habits, or persistent diarrhea or constipation, your doctor may suggest a colonoscopy to rule out serious conditions.
What to Expect During the Procedure?
- Preparation: Before the procedure, your doctor will guide you on how to prepare, including dietary restrictions and how to cleanse your bowels.
- Sedation: The procedure is typically performed under mild sedation, so you will be relaxed and pain-free during the process.
- During the Procedure: The doctor will gently insert the colonoscope through your rectum and guide it through the colon. You may feel slight cramping or pressure during the examination.
- After the Procedure: You will need to rest for a short period after the procedure. Most people feel fine afterward, but some may experience mild bloating or discomfort.
What Happens After a Colonoscopy?
- Recovery Time: Most people can return to their normal activities within a few hours. However, you may be advised to take the day off and avoid operating heavy machinery or driving for 24 hours due to the sedation.
- Results: After the procedure, your doctor will discuss the results with you. If any abnormalities such as polyps are found, they may be removed during the procedure, and you may need further tests or follow-up appointments.
Risks of Colonoscopy
While colonoscopy is generally a safe and well-tolerated procedure, like any medical procedure, it does come with some risks, which may include:
- Bleeding: If a polyp is removed or a biopsy is taken, there is a small risk of bleeding.
- Perforation: Although rare, the colon wall could be punctured during the procedure.
- Infection: There is a minor risk of infection from the colonoscope or biopsy tools.